Biography of Artemisia I, Queen of Halicarnassus

Artemisia I of Halicarnassus (c. 520–460 BCE) was the ruler of the city of Halicarnassus at the time of the Persian Wars (499–449 BCE). As a Carian colony of Persia, Halicarnassus fought against the Greeks. The Greek historian Herodotus (484–425  BCE) was also a Carian, and he was born in that city during Artemisias rule. Her story was recorded by Herodotus and appears in the Histories, written in the mid-450s BCE. Known For: Ruler of Halicarnassus, naval commander in the Persian WarsBorn: c. 520 BCE in HalicarnassusParents: Lygadimis and unknown Cretan motherDied: c. 460 BCESpouse: Unnamed husbandChildren: Pisindelis INotable Quote: If thou art hasty to fight, I tremble lest the defeat of thy sea force bring harm likewise to thy land army. Early Life Artemisia was likely born about 520 BCE in Halicarnassus, near what is today Bodrum, Turkey. Halicarnassus was the capital of the Carian satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian empire in Asia Minor during the reign of Darius I (ruled 522–486 BCE). She was a member of the Lygdamid  dynasty (520–450 BCE) of rulers in the city, as the daughter of Lygadimis, a Carian, and his wife, a woman (unnamed by Herodotus) from the Greek island of Crete. Artemisia inherited her throne from her husband, whose name is not known, during the rule of the Persian emperor Xerxes I, also known as Xerxes the Great (ruled 486–465 BC). Her kingdom included the city of Halicarnassus and the nearby islands of Cos, Calymnos, and Nisyros. Artemisia I had at least one son, Pisindelis, who ruled Halicarnassus after her between roughly 460 and 450 BCE. Persian Wars When Xerxes went to war against Greece (480–479 BCE), Artemisia was the only woman among his commanders. She brought five ships of the 70 total sent to battle, and those five ships were forces with a reputation for ferocity and valor. Herodotus suggests that Xerxes selected Artemisia to lead a squadron to embarrass the Greeks, and indeed, when they heard about it, the Greeks offered a reward of 10,000 drachmas (about three years wages for a workman) for capturing Artemisia. No one succeeded in claiming the prize. After winning the battle at Thermopylae in August of 480 BCE, Xerxes sent Mardonius to talk to each of his naval commanders separately about the upcoming battle of Salamis. Artemisia was the only one who advised against a sea battle, suggesting that Xerxes instead wait offshore for what she saw as the inevitable retreat or attack the Peloponnese on shore. She was quite blunt about their chances against the Greek armada, saying that the rest of the Persian naval commanders—Egyptians, Cypriots, Cilicians, and Pamphylians—were not up to the challenge. While he was pleased that she provided a separate viewpoint, Xerxes ignored her advice, choosing to follow the majority opinion. Battle of Salamis During the battle, Artemisias found her flagship was being chased by an Athenian vessel and had no chance of escape. She rammed a friendly vessel which was commanded by the Calyndians and their king Damasithymos; the ship sank with all hands. The Athenian, confused by her actions, assumed she was either a Greek ship or a deserter, and left Artemisias ship to chase others. Had the Greek commander realized who he was chasing, and recalled the price on her head, he would not have changed course. No one from the Calyndian ship survived, and Xerxes was impressed at her nerve and daring, saying My men have become women, and my women, men. After the failure at Salamis, Xerxes abandoned his invasion of Greece—and Artemisia is credited with persuading him to make this decision. As a reward, Xerxes sent her to Ephesus to take care of his illegitimate sons. Beyond Herodotus That is all that Herodotus had to say about Artemisia. Other early references to Artemisia include the 5th century CE Greek physician Thessalus who spoke of her as a cowardly pirate; and the Greek playwright Aristophanes, who used her as a symbol of a strong and uppity warrior woman in his comic plays Lysistrata and Thesmophoriazusae, equating her with the Amazons. Later writers were generally approving, including Polyaenus, the 2nd century CE Macedonian author of Stratagems in War, and Justin, the 2nd century Roman empire historian. Photius, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinopole, described a legend depicting Artemisia as having fallen hopelessly in love with a younger man from Abydos, and jumping off a cliff to cure the unrequited passion. Whether her death was as glamorous and romantic as described by Photius, she was probably dead when her son Pisindelis took over the rule of Halicarnassus. Archaeological evidence of Artemisias relationship with Xerxes was discovered in the ruins of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus by British archaeologist Charles Thomas Newton when he excavated there in 1857. The Mausoleum itself was built by Artemisia II to honor her husband Mausolus between 353–350 BCE, but the alabaster jar is inscribed with the signature of Xerxes I, in Old Persian, Egyptian, Babylonian, and Elamite.  The presence of this jar in this location strongly suggests it was given by Xerxes to Artemisia I and passed down to her descendants who buried it at the Mausoleum. Sources A Jar with the Name of King Xerxes. Livius, October 26, 2018.Falkner, Caroline L. Artemesia in Herodotus. Diotima, 2001.  Halsall, Paul Herodotus: Artemisia at Salamis, 480 BCE. Ancient History Sourcebook, Fordham University, 1998.  Munson, Rosaria Vignolo. Artemisia in Herodotus. Classical Antiquity 7.1 (1988): 91-106.Rawlinson, George (transl). Herodotus, The History. New York: Dutton Co., 1862.Strauss, Barry. The Battle of Salamis: The Naval Encounter That Saved Greece—and Western Civilization. New York: Simon Schuster, 2004.

Essay on Personal Statement - 1549 Words

We are the media and the media is us. That statement is very broad and is so for a good reason. Through out the world and the history of our society, media has transformed, melted, bent, molded and made our society and culture what it is today. But at the same time, our culture and society has done the exact same thing to media. It is hard to realize or imagine a time without televisions, telephones, fax machines, printers, computers, cell phones, pagers and other electronic technologies that have made our lives, hopefully, stress-free. Those items were and are still being invented today to make our lives easier and better, but are they really making life easier and better? Media plays a big part in defining what society wants and gets.†¦show more content†¦Of course, this is an exaggeration and other countries should know better than to think that Americans live like the Simpsons characters, but that is what media does to people that do not know the society being depicted. In addition to creating negative images of the United States, our media tarnishes the character of specific Americans as well. Lets take old Bill Clinton for a test drive here. When he was suspected of having an affair with a White House intern, our media zeroed in on him to find out if he did or did not have an affair with Monica Lewinsky. We had analysts examine whether he should or should not tell us he did, what would happen if he did, what would happen to the relationship between him and his wife. Our media told us how to think about situation and, what should happen to him if he answered their questions a certain way. Our media never let us think what we wanted to think. Instead they gave the false impression that we did have total control of what way we thought, but in each station they took a viewpoint and bombarded us with it. The effect was similar to brainwashing us. Some stations did explore alternative perspectives, but most stations had only one view. 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Holly Farms Free Essays

string(66) " how she would be increasing the number of customers on the farm\." Holly farms strategy Introduction In order to revive profits and save themselves from bearing heavy losses, Fred and Gillian Giles had opened a two purposed farm for the general public in 1993. Their ambitious goals had let them to put in all their savings to establish facilities on the farm which would entertain the tourists. This side of the business was apart from the usual farming being carried out which included the distribution of ice cream which was manufactured behind the farm in a small factory, a milking parlor to see the latest technology being used to milk the cows and an additional guided tour of the farm. We will write a custom essay sample on Holly Farms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though the business is currently running reasonably well, the owners are facing some serious issues related capacity constraints and competition. Answers Answer 1: There is a no. of issues which Gillian Gales is facing in her side of the business. These issues include the fact that in order to grow the Holly Farm’s business, it is not possible for the owners to add additional capital. They have already invested a lot of money and any additional capital available to them will be in terms of a loan. However, the interest rate on the loan is expected to be above ten percent which would not make it feasible since the owners are not expecting to earn that high a return on their investment in order to pay the interest and the principal amount. Other issues which Gillian needs to take notice of include the fact that the ice-cream factory is not operating at full capacity, the freezer which has a capacity to hold 10,000 units is operated at 7000 units’ storage to allow for stick rotation. The lack of preservatives used in the ice-cream would also be a factor in this regard where the inventory needs to move out of the factory within 6-12 weeks. This factor would be driving down retail sales to shops and hotels which might be interested in stockpiling the ice-cream for their peak periods (since Gillian is not in a position to increase production for them at that time). Gillian also needs to decide whether to promote coach firms or market to families and schools for trips to their farm. Gillian mentions that on average one out of two coach customers’ buys one liter box of ice-cream while a four occupant car buys the same amount. This data, though a good starting point, would not allow for proper decision making since data on how many a coach normally holds. Also the use of averaged data is not advisable when making decisions as to who the target market would be for the coming year. There is also a need for extra staff by the farm, currently the ice-cream manufacturing employs farm workers’ wives (three) and a maximum of four flavor can be produced given the time constraints and the set up time (to change flavors). Since capital investment is not possible at this time, Gillian would need to hire more staff for ice-cream manufacturing if she plans to increase the number of flavors to ten, analysis and accurate forecasting of what quantities of flavors to produce would also be required if the number of flavors is to be increased. Market researches as to which flavors are being demanded by the customers would also be required and could help eliminate the need to expand to ten flavors outright, but this is currently not being undertaken by Gillian. The lack of promotional activities by Gillian has seen the number of arrivals to the farm cap at 15000 a year; this situation is being ignored as Gillian is concentrating more on expanding the manufacturing side, now she needs to take a more active approach to increasing the traffic at the farm. The issue of farm timings not being conducive to picnics and factory visits (20% of the customers leave before the milking process) and this very fact that many visitors are unable to see the milking process is also one which would be driving lower ice-cream sales and needs to be looked into by Gillian. Answer 2: To increase the number of farm visitors by 50% in a single year is a almost unachievable goal that Gillian has set for herself. Although it is possible that the number be increased, but going from 15000 visitors to 22500 visitors is not a small task which can be achieved in the duration of a single year. This is due to a number of factors which, for Gillian, would be constraints in achieving this growth target. These factors include: 1. The fact that the farm is open to visitors for 7 months in a year, during the remaining months the animals are kept inside and the rides etc available to customers are not safe due to the weather situation. This is a limit which Gillian would be unable to surmount in a single years time without capital investment into building sheds and indoor facilities etc at the Holly Farm. 2. Another time constraint is the fact that Gillian and Fred found that keeping the farm open for more than the four days it is already open (Friday to Monday) is not feasible due to the low traffic during the remaining days. Also the farm workers would not be free during the three days of the week (they would be involved in the â€Å"real† farm work), so the only way to keep the farm open the entire week is through hiring extra staff which could only be justified and feasible if Gillian were able to confirm attendance/traffic at the farm during these days via school trips etc. The weekend is the peak period for Holly Farm and it is unlikely that working individuals would be willing to take farm trips during work days. The sales forecast for 1999 shows that Gillian has prepared is highly presumptuous given that she has yet to decide how she would be increasing the number of customers on the farm. You read "Holly Farms" in category "Essay examples" Whether she wishes to bring in more customers through coach firms or target the family and recreational travelers (who come by car). With coach firms Gillian would most likely have to offer discounts on the farm visits to the coaching firms to plan trips or revert to her old marketing tactics of giving lectures at schools and institutes and market her farm herself. The decision on whether or not to engage with coaching firms is not possible at this time because the number of passengers on each coach has not been identified, thus one cannot calculate the profits to be had from the sales of ice-cream and other produce along with the admission fees (with or without the discounts). Even if the averaged figure of one-liter ice-cream sale per two coach passengers is taken to be reliably accurate without the number of potential customers coming through the coach trips, and via cars for that matter (one liter per four passengers), choice between the options would be more moot point than proper decision making on the part of Gillian. If we were to assume that half the customers come by car and half come via coach trips than promoting coach trips would yield more benefits in terms of ice-cream sales as * 7400 coach trips/2 = 3700 liters of sales * 7400 car travelers/4 = 1850 liters of sales Given that 13500 liters were sold through the retail shop ($27000/$2(selling price)) this would mean that close to 41% of the sales comes through the customers on the farm. A 50% increase in the number of customers on the farm would lead to sales of $40,000 only if the number of customers at the farm window also increased by 50% which is a market not being targeted by Gillian, thus the following calculation leading to a figure of $40,000 would be incorrect as the sales would be lower (higher from the customers on the farm but when including the trend based sales through the farm window the total sales would be lower). 148001. 5=22200 customers * 11100 coach trips/2$2=$11100 * 11100 car travelers/4$2= $5550 * $16650/0. 41 = $40,610 in sales. School parties and trips could be a good tactic on the part of Gillian as they would ensure higher number of visitors and a larger sale of ice-cream and other products which could be made on the farm. Charging a lower admission fees for parties an d retaining the catering of the party would be a good source of income for the farm and has the potential of increasing the traffic at the farm by opening a whole new target market for Holly Farms i. e. party venue. Gillian should invest some time and effort into undertaking market research into how many schools would be willing to have parties or field trips on the farm (before offering party packages), also information on the customer tolerance for queuing (to watch the milking process) would be beneficial to Gillian in analyzing how to increase the number of customers on the farm because if the customers are not able to watch the milking process and view this as a deal breaker, they might seek out other sources of recreation and by increasing customers in the short run, Gillian might lose customers in the long run. Information on the actual number of car visitors vs. those coming through coach trips should be sought before Gillian decides on a course of action. Answer 3: Before undertaking a decision to increase the number of ice-cream flavors from 4 to 10 Gillian should weight the advantages and the disadvantages of this venture. The first factor which Gillian needs to consider is whether a market exists for ten flavors of ice-cream or not, and whether it is feasible for the farm to be producing ten flavors. The fact that capital investment is not possible for Holly Farms means that the additional production would be through an increase in the labor force but the overall quantity of the ice-cream produced would still be limited to an inventory level of 7000 liters (which can be held by the freezer). This would mean that the new flavors would be introduced at the expense of the old flavors. This can be an advantage if the customers of Holly Farm are seeking one or two flavors other than those eing offered (market research would be required to confirm this) and that the quantity demanded would allow for greater turnover through either farm or retail sales. Alternatively this venture could lead to unsatisfied customers in cases where the farm could experience stock outs of certain flavors due to the fact that many flavors would be under production. A move to directly offering ten flavors would also create logistical problems as the machines available for production and storing are limited. The fact that more staff would have to be hired would also increase the cost of production of all ice-creams and that would affect the profits of the ice-cream venture and Gillian would be forced to make another key decision on whether to pass on the increased cost to the customers in the form of higher prices, and risk losing some business, or decrease the profit margins of the same. Since an increase in volume is only possible if the inventory turnover is greatly enhanced by the introduction of new flavors (which is not certain) the profits for the farm would be on a downward trend if all other factors remain constant and flavors are added to the product offerings. Since there is no research to suggest that there would be a greater uptake of ice-cream (at retail or farm level) with more flavors, a jump to 10 flavors would be rash and create more problems for Gillian in terms of resource management, forecasting the demand for individual products and overlooking the manufacturing of the same, rather than the advantages Gillian seeks. Undertaking some degree of market research and exploring one or two additional flavors (based on research findings) whilst maintaining the same level of staff could be more beneficial for Holly Farms and they could expand their flavor offerings over the long run when they have the capacity to increase production or maintain higher levels of inventory. Conclusion The case under review explores the capacity and resource constraints being faced by a small business which was able to attract customers and diversify into other forms of complementary businesses i. e. tours and ice-cream retailing. What we find in this case is that Gillian, the partner in charge of the complementary businesses is facing two critical decisions (a) how to increase the number of customers visiting the farm and (b) how to increase the retail sales of the ice-cream. Since capital investment is not a viable option for the business the means of increasing customer traffic are limited to promotional activities and attracting the right customers for both tours and ice-cream sales. We find that such decisions are not possible with the data available to Gillian at the present time and that the option to increase the number of ice-cream flavors to ten (from four) is also not viable given the manufacturing and storage constraints. Gillian should therefore seek additional data on the target audience for promotional activities and if she plans to increase the number of ice-cream flavors she should start on a smaller scale after conducting proper market demand research. References [Author of Book] (1999), â€Å"Case Study: Holly Farms†, [Name of Book], Pp 244-248 Read more:  http://www. ukessays. com/essays/business-strategy/holly-farms-strategy. php#ixzz2DakGnUSm How to cite Holly Farms, Essay examples

Bally Total Fitness Marketing Audit Essay Example For Students

Bally Total Fitness Marketing Audit Essay Bally Total Fitness Marketing Audit Essay Bally Total Fitness is the largest, and only nationwide, commercial operator of fitness centers. Ballys has approximately four million members and 420 facilities across the United States and around the globe. (ballyfitness.com, 2004) A marketing audit was performed on the company in order to assess their total marketing program to see what was and was not working to increase business. The following will summarize key findings of environmental aspects and marketing. Finally, any recommended actions that may be considered for future planning will be discussed. The environmental aspects that were considered for the Bally Total Fitness audit were demographics, markets and competition. Demographic trends have shown that the older segments of the United States (ages 45-65+) are growing the fastest. Bally Total Fitness would be wise to consider marketing towards this age group as their needs change. An estimated 50 million people will be members to a fitness center in just six years, the year 2010. This is due to an increased desire towards healthy living. The general population is becoming more aware of the benefits of exercise to promote health and wellness. The Markets part of the audit shows that there is three major trends that health clubs should be attentive of. These major trends are insurance paid weight-loss, a global battle against obesity and an end to low-carb confusion. Health clubs are part of the solution and should promote themselves as such. Bally Total Fitness can be a guide towards losing weight and increased education on obesity and to guide people through the low-carb confusion. 24 Hour Fitness and Golds Gym are Ballys top two competitors. While both companies have been successful, Bally Total Fitness still boasts more members and more facilities than either one. However, both competitors of Ballys are not too far behind. Ballys should strive hard to stay on top of the competition. This can be achieved by analyzing the competitors strengths and weaknesses. If any similar weaknesses exist, changes can be made to improve on those to differentiate Ballys from the rest. Ballys has an excellent product. It is something that all people, no matter what their size or shape, can benefit from. The current Every Body Needs Something campaign is an excellent idea to get this message across. Also, growing the Marketing Department by adding seasoned executives was a good choice. Since many of these executives are highly experienced they can all collaborate and ultimately come up with sound ideas that will help the company grow. Bally Total Fitness objectives are reasonable and go along with their mission statement of being a Total Fitness Resource. It is important that all levels of the company are aware of the objectives and strategies that are being used to meet those objectives. While Ballys has been doing well at this, they should never get complacent and always be attentive to what is going on with all of their staff and all of their members. Effective training and constant evaluation of staff members will insure top-notch customer service. In short, Bally Total Fitness has been faring well in the fitness industry. First quarter results of 2004 have shown that net revenue has increased from the previous years first quarter but by only 2%. By more aggressive marketing this number can increase more by the next year. Both a market penetration strategy and a market expansion strategy should be utilized to further this objective. These strategies will ensure that current and potential consumers will be aware of the product Bally Total Fitness has to offer. The current campaign says it best, Every Body Needs Something and Bally Total Fitness has just what that body needs. .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa , .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .postImageUrl , .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa , .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa:hover , .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa:visited , .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa:active { border:0!important; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa:active , .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b72cf64bb2e4ed088e6c19a22d147fa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marxism EssayTABLE OF CONTENTS Environmental Aspects DEMOGRAPHICSp. 5 MARKETp. 5 COMPETITIONp. 7 Marketing OBJECTIVESp. 8 STRATEGIESp. 9 TACTICSp. 11 4PSp. 12 SALESp. 14 Conclusionp. 15 Works Citedp. 16 Environmental Aspects DEMOGRAPHICS Of an estimated 30 million members to fitness centers in the United States, one out of five belongs to Ballys. Bally Total Fitness mainly targets the 18-49 year old range with a male to female ration of 1:1. The average household income of their members is $52,000 a year. 76% of Bally members are Internet enabled. (ballyfitness.com, 2004) According to the International Health, Racquet and Sportsclub Association (IHRSA), there are approximately 30 million adult members of fitness centers in .

Analyse the Dramatic Presentation of Romeo in Act 1 Essay Example

Analyse the Dramatic Presentation of Romeo in Act 1 Essay Romeo and Juliet is possibly one of the most well known plays in Britain. It was written by William Shakespeare possibly between 1594 and 1596 during his time as a playwright. It is one of Shakespeares most tragic plays. The play is about the on-going feud between the Montague and the Capulet households, set in the Italian city of Verona. The son and daughter of the opposing households fall in love but because of the feud, they are forced to keep their love and marriage a secret. All of this deception eventually leads to a tragic end to both their lives. The Montague and the Capulet households have been feuding for a very long time. The prologue to the story opens by saying, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny which shows us that they have been fighting for a very long time and they are continuing with no indication that either of them are going to stop. The opening scene of the play jumps straight into a fight scene to emphasise the feud between the two families and the extent of the rivalry, as even the servants get involved. Romeo although a member of the Montague household, is not as violent as the rest of the family and tries to avoid fighting when possible. Romeo chooses to not get involved in the fighting as much as the other characters such as a Tybalt and Benvolio that I think are put in the play to show how Romeo is a lot different to everybody else. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the Dramatic Presentation of Romeo in Act 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the Dramatic Presentation of Romeo in Act 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the Dramatic Presentation of Romeo in Act 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are no specific statements in the play that suggest the values on family, love, society etc but instead I feel the audience are made to make there own minds up about what the play is about which may help them to establish a better understanding of the play and therefore appreciate it more which is maybe one of the reasons that Romeo and Juliet has become such a successful play. He seems to be more involved in his own problems to actually be bothered about the family feud. A good example of this is when he is talking to Benvolio who has just been in a fight with the Capulets and shows his lack of interest by saying yet tell me not, for I have heard it all before, showing that he is getting annoyed and maybe he feels that the fighting is getting a bit tedious. I think that Romeo is only involved in the fighting because he is a Montague; if he was part of any other household I dont think that he would take any notice of the fighting. The only time that he gets in fights is when on e of the Capulets starts on him he tries to avoid the fighting whenever he can. At the start of the play, he seems to be distant from every other character and it is only really until the party that you see him interacting with others, and then even at the party he seems to leave everyone alone. The main four themes in the play are love, death and violence, star-crossed lovers and the individual versus society I think that Romeo fits in very well with each and everyone of these themes and by doing so summarizes the play. The following explanations are how I think he fits into these themes. We learn that Romeo is upset and not being himself before we even meet him in the play. Just before Romeo enters, the play Benvolio and Romeos father Montague are talking about him not saying what is wrong with him but giving. They say that he has been acting very strange for example they say he has concealed himself in his room, that he has been crying. and also setting up the next scene they say things like away from light steals my heavy son, and my noble uncle do you know the cause?, I neither know it, nor can learn of him meaning that he doesnt know what is wrong with Romeo and that he cant work out what is wrong with him either. This sets up the next scene and leaves the audience guessing and thinking about what is going on in the play, which also keeps them concentrated on the play and thinking that they are almost part of the play. The first time that Romeo speaks, he is talking about his love/infatuation for Rosaline and that she will not return his love, he is frustrated by this and says that she sworn a life of chastity. Within this speech, it becomes apparent that Romeo is confused, Shakespeare uses complex language to show this, and in this particular piece, he uses oxymorons o heavy lightness, serious vanity, misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms, he then goes on to say this love feel I, that feel no love in this, this is an example of Shakespeare using pun which was very common in Elizabethan times, meaning that is love is misplaced because there will never be a returned love. The oxymorons that Shakespeare uses are not just about Romeos supposed love for Rosaline, they sum up the whole play so far. As the oxymorons, also represent the opposites of the Capulet and Montague households. Another way to describe Romeos infatuation towards Rosaline would be described as courtly love, which is a modern term, u sed to describe a set of medieval concepts regarding the nature and conduct of love relationships, in which members of nobility engage in love affairs according to specific rules. The language that Shakespeare has given Romeo to say also says a lot about the character and his values. For example, his use of religion is a very strong thing to put to someone to say and by doing that makes sure that Romeo does come across to have very strong feelings and mentality towards different things. An example of this would be [To Juliet] If I profane with my unworthiest hand, this holy shrine, the gentle sin is this, My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand, To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss I think that this is a very good example of Romeos language as it has aspects of everything that he stands for, on the most part love and religion in a combination that is very effective in seducing Juliet which was his goal. I think that Mercutio and Benvolio are good loyal friends of Romeo especially Mercutio, he was the one that was there when Romeo was upset and was the only one that cheered him up enough to get hi to come out of his room an get on with his life. Romeo is not in a party mood and he tells us thus by saying, Give me a torch, I am not for this ambling and I have a soul of lead. The first quotation is saying that he wants to go home, as he doesnt feel like the bother of gate crashing a party; the second quotation is that he is feeling downhearted and is certainly not in a partying mood. Mercutio tries to cheer up Romeo becoming fanciful until Romeo can take no more and he stops him by saying peace peace Mercutio peace! Thou talkest of nothing. Mercutio was successful in trying to cheer Romeo up and eventually Romeo reluctantly agrees to go to the party. Before Romeo agrees to go the party, he reveals that he has had a premonition that he will die a premature death Other people in the play do respect Romeo and this is best shown through Capulet (the head of the Capulet household), as he says, even being the head of the opposite rival house that Romeo says that A bears him a portly gentleman; and to say truth, Verona brags of him to be a virtuous and well governed youth. A portly gentleman is someone who is dignified. In that quotation, it also explains to us that the city of Verona think very highly of him as well this is possibly because he is one of the only people out of the two families who doesnt necessarily agree with the fighting. Although Capulet was being very nice about Romeo this was probably influenced a great deal by the situation that he was in, if any fights broke out between the households it would be his head on the line by declaration of the death penalty. Romeos attitude towards Juliet is very different from that of his feelings for Rosaline. His use of language towards Rosaline was depressive and downhearted for example out of her favor where I am in love and This love feel I, no love in this which is not something that you would expect from someone who apparently says they are deeply in love with them. On the other hand, when he meets Juliet he is much happier and determined too get her, where he just gave up with Rosaline. He says things about Juliet like sin from my lips? O trespass sweetly urged! Give me my sin again. [kissing her again] and it is my lady, o it is my love: o that she knew she were!. When Romeo is speaking about Juliet, he uses rhyming couplets, in Elizabethan times rhyming couplets were identified as being something important and so when Romeo starts to use this, the audience pay closer attention, as they know a key part of the story is being spoken. This helped Shakespeare get his plays across, as it was often h ard to keep everybody concentrated at a play. Examples of these rhyming couplets in his speech are bright and night, ear and dear, crows and shows and stand and hand. When Romeo first says this, the audience may be shocked as they thought that he was devoted to Rosaline and to suddenly change his mind to Juliet would have seemed odd. As well as rhyming couplets, Shakespeare uses a lot of imagery in his plays to make the audience feel more involved and let there imaginations take over which helps them to understand the play more. Examples of this would be in Romeos speech about Juliet, he says things like as rich as a jewel in an Ethipos ear which means she stands out from the crowd. All of this helps the audience imagine what she looks like and just from this Romeo is telling us that she really is beautiful. When Romeo does speak with Juliet Shakespeare uses another form of poetry but this time it is a sonnet, this also signifies to the audience that something important is being said but is a little more specific. Sonnets were generally associated with love, and so by including a sonnet as they speak allows the audience to know that love is becoming an issue between these two characters. In addition, Shakespeare uses words like shrine, pilgrim, sin and purged which all have a religious meaning. By using these sorts of words, Shakespeare is telling the audience how Romeo and Juliet feel for each other but not in a blunt straightforward sort of way. The use of religious words may signify that they are devoted to each other just as people are devoted to a certain religion. This would have worked a lot better in Elizabethan times as there was much more religious belief and people were generally associated with religion more and so would cotton on to these hints with a lot more ease and effec t. There is a certain amount of dramatic irony in this play. The audience already knows that Romeo is a Montague and that Juliet is a Capulet, whereas the characters themselves do not. The audience already knows about the ancient and on-going feud between the two families and can therefore see the trouble that is obviously going to be caused from the two characters supposedly loving each other. When Romeo eventually does find out that Juliet is a Capulet he does not change his feelings for her, as many would assume, he does not take to the news well as it is a major burden but he does not give up faith. He says O dear account! My life is in my foes debt this means that he does love her but his fate remains in the arms of the Capulets. Juliets reaction could be another of Shakespeares clues that Romeo an Juliet do feel the same way as Juliet did not change her opinion of Romeo as soon as she found out the news her reaction was my only love sprung from my only hate which shows that she do es have very strong feelings for Romeo as it has overcome her hatred of the Montagues. At this point, the audience will be feeling very sympathetic towards the two characters especially because of their troubled love being spawned between the close and very competitive rivalry between the houses. At this time, the future of the couple is looking very bleak, and in the minds of the audiences, it may seem to be a pointless relationship that will only bring more fighting and violence, whereas other people may be thinking that this is just what the households need to bring them together. Romeo is in and out of love very often in this play and the love that he has is often violent, ecstatic and an overpowering force. It seems that all Romeo ever thinks about is his love problems, which distances him from the other violence that happens around him. Death and violence play a big part in the play and I dont think that Romeo fits in with this as much as he did the love aspect of the play. However, in saying that Romeos love is one of the main reasons that there is an enticed an ger and violence between the two houses. In saying that he loves Juliet, Tybalt vows that he will kill him. Star-crossed lovers is the third theme of the play and is maybe the most important of all four of the themes. The inevitability of the fate of the two characters (not necessarily the death of) as a very big part of the play and it was the build up to the end, which actually made the play even though everybody knew already what was likely to happen. The scene was set with the ancient grudge between the two households and as soon as the audience found out that, the love of Romeo and Juliet was between Montague and Capulet they all knew that it was going to be a tragic and interesting story that inevitability ends. Sympathy towards the two characters is what Shakespeare is trying to make you feel throughout the whole play and I think that he achieves this with a great deal of success. Romeos individuality thorough-out the play is very important. He is always trying to stop the feuding between the families whether this is through not taking part in the fighting or trying to defy the conflict by having a love affair with a member of the opposite house, either way Romeo is creating conflicts though maybe inadvertently for example by not fighting Tybalt the untimely end to Mercutio and Tybalt comes about as Tybalt gets very frustrated and tries to fight and cause conflict anyway.

Gaius Mucius Scaevola

Gaius Mucius Scaevola Gaius Mucius Scaevola is a legendary Roman hero and assassin, who is said to have saved Rome from conquest by the Etruscan king  Lars Porsena. Gaius Mucius earned the name ‘Scaevola’ when he lost his right hand to Lars Porsenas fire in a show of intimidating will power. He is said to have burned his own hand off in the fire to demonstrate his bravery. Since Gaius Mucius effectively lost his right hand to the fire, he became known as Scaevola, which means left-handed. Attempted Assassination of Lars Porsena Gaius Mucius Scaevola is said to have saved Rome from Lars Porsena, who was the Etruscan King. In about the 6th century B.C., the Etruscans, who were led by King Lars Porsena, were on a conquest and were trying to take Rome. Gaius Mucius supposedly volunteered to assassinate Porsena. However, before he was able to successfully complete his task he was captured and brought before the King. Gaius Mucius informed the king that although he might be executed, there were plenty of other Romans behind him who would try, and eventually succeed, in the assassination attempt. This angered Lars Porsena as he feared another attempt on his life, and thus he threatened to burn Gaius Mucius alive. In response to Porsena’s threat, Gaius Mucius stuck his hand directly in the burning fire to demonstrate that he did not fear it. This showing of bravery so impressed the King Porsena that he did not kill Gaius Mucius. Instead, he sent him back and made peace with Rome. When Gaius Mucius returned to Rome he was viewed as a hero, and was given the name Scaevola, as a result of his lost hand. He then became commonly known as Gaius Mucius Scaevola. Gaius Mucius Scaevola’s tale is described in the Encyclopedia Britannica: â€Å"Gaius Mucius Scaevola is a legendary Roman hero who is said to have saved Rome (c. 509 bc) from conquest by the Etruscan king Lars Porsena. According to the legend, Mucius volunteered to assassinate Porsena, who was besieging Rome, but killed his victim’s attendant by mistake. Brought before the Etruscan royal tribunal, he declared that he was one of 300 noble youths who had sworn to take the king’s life. He demonstrated his courage to his captors by thrusting his right hand into a blazing altar fire and holding it there until it was consumed. Deeply impressed and fearing another attempt on his life, Porsena ordered Mucius to be freed; he made peace with the Romans and withdrew his forces. According to the story, Mucius was rewarded with a grant of land beyond the Tiber and given the name Scaevola, meaning â€Å"left-handed.† The tale is presumably an attempt to explain the origin of Rome’s famed Scaevola family.†

House Prices Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

House Prices - Speech or Presentation Example You have read the Case in the attached PDF file. A partial summary of the data is presented below in Table 1. Use the information in the Table below to answer the questions raised by Jack, Jill and Pelo Watar, Specifically, At first glance, the average price of the houses for Apple Valley School District is higher than the prices for Eastville School District as illustrated by Figure 1. The difference between the mean prices of the two districts is $17,142. However, other factors can affect the high prices in Apple Valley School District such as the age, size, and number of bedrooms. Table 2 shows that the price per square ft in both districts is closer to each other, with a difference of $6.081. The data shows that the assumption that buyer’s prefer the Apple Valley School District has no basis. The price of the house depends on the age of the house. Table 3 shows that the older houses have lower prices than new houses. Houses at Apple Valley School District are newer than the houses at Eastville School District. The Price per Age of house at Apple Valley is almost $10 as compared to Eastville which only exceeds $7. Prices of the houses at Apple Valley School District are higher compared to houses at Eastville School district not because of the buyers’ preference to the school but for several reasons. First, the average sizes of the houses in Apple Valley are bigger than Eastville. Second, the houses are newer. Third, there are more bedrooms per house in Apple Valley than in Eastville School